Among blood preparations, serum has been topically used in the management of variousocular diseases in ophthalmology. Like peripheral blood serum, umbilical cordblood serum contains a high concentration of essential tear components, growth factors,neurotrophic factors, vitamin A, fibronectin, prealbumin, and oil. Umbilical cord serumcan provide basic nutrients for epithelial renewal and can facilitate the proliferation,migration, and differentiation of the ocular surface epithelium. Eye drops made fromumbilical cord serum have been applied to treat various ocular surface diseases, includingsevere dry eye with or without Sj?gren’s syndrome, ocular complications ingraft-versus-host disease, persistent epithelial defects, neurotrophic keratopathy, recurrentcorneal erosions, ocular chemical burn, and surface problems after corneal refractivesurgery. Because mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood can beused to regenerate corneal tissue and retinal nerve cells, umbilical cord serum mightbe applied for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the future.