e-Polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) is a commonly used medical polymer due to its biological stability and excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness and wear resistance. However, the superhydrophobic surface and lack of functional groups to interact with the cellular environment have severely limited its applications in bone or cartilage replacements. In this study, e-PTFE surface was modified by oxygen (O2) or nitrogen (N2) RF plasma treatment in order to improving the hydrophilic property and preosteoblast cell proliferation. After the plasma treatment, e-PTFE surface was characterized by using a contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The contact angle of e-PTFE surface was significantly decreased and surface morphology did not changed. The MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The N2 or O2 plasma- treated e-PTFE groups showed the higher cell proliferation than untreated group. In conclusion, the N2 or O2 gas plasma surface modification used in this study indicates the potential technique as a promising e-PTFE biomedical application.