Acoustic technologies are commonly used to estimate biomass and distribution of fisheries resources in coastal areas and the open ocean. In the southern part of the Sea of Korea, where the pelagic species of anchovy, mackerel and sardine spawn and migrate, catches of these three species comprised 50% of the total abundance in Korean waters. Since 1970, anchovy landings increased to 0.2 million ton in 1990, 0.27 million ton in 2001, and 0.25 million ton in 2003 (NFRDI in Korea). Chonnam University collaborated with South Sea Fisheries Research Institute on a study of anchovy biomass in the Tongyeong area. Acoustic surveys were conducted on 24-26, May and 20-21, June 2005 around the Tongyeong, Geojae, and Namhae anchovy fishing ground using a dual beam echosounder (DT-5000, 200kHz Biosonics). Information was obtained on zooplankton, and adult and juvenile anchovy distribution (depth and position). We calculated and compared anchovy biomass using simple summation and geostatistic methods to examine advantages and constraints of the two techniques.