The rapid growth of the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) has increased the demand for greater international recognition and standardization. To enhance its global applicability, this study examines the alignment between TOPIK and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This study constructed a corpus of CEFR level descriptors and conducted a quantitative analysis of high-frequency vocabulary associated with key elements and proficiency levels. Additionally, a qualitative comparison of TOPIK and CEFR descriptors was conducted to assess their overall compatibility. The findings indicate that, while some descriptors do not align perfectly, core descriptors of functional and proficiency levels exhibit consistency in terms of overall communicative competence. Based on these results, this study proposes the development of new performance level descriptors aligned with CEFR to enhance the international applicability and recognition of TOPIK.