Purpose: This study identifies factors affecting the clinical competence of senior nursing students who experience online learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: In this study, 180 nursing students from third and fourth grades in South Korea participated from June 25 to July 3, 2021. Study data were collected through an online survey using self-report questionnaires that contained items on online learning satisfaction, online learning participation, learning immersion, learning transfer, and the clinical competence scale. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 program; descriptive statistics, Pearson''s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were applied, as well. Results: Participants’ clinical competence averaged 3.80±0.55 on the 5-point scale, The factors with the most influence on the clinical practicum were learning transfer (β=.398, p<.001) and online learning participation (β=.316, p<.001), and the model’s explanatory power was 25.5% (F=16.30, p<.001). Conclusion: The study results provided a foundation to develop an efficient online intervention program to improve senior nursing students’ clinical competence during the COVID-19 pandemic.