Marine accidents often stem from near-miss incidents, which are critical indicators of potential collisions. Understanding the causal factors associated with these incidents is essential for enhancing maritime safety. This study employs the PARK model to identify causal factors related to maritime accidents, with a focus on near-miss incidents in Busan Port. By analyzing AIS data from 2017 to 2021, the research identifies 36 collision incidents. The PARK model assesses risk levels, setting a threshold of 5.0 for near-miss scenarios and examines the relationship between these incidents and actual collisions. The analysis indicates an average of 0.8 collisions per year, with the PARK model estimating a probability of approximately 2.34 collisions annually per million vessel encounters at a risk score of 5.0. This research highlights the effectiveness of the PARK model in identifying causal factors related to marine accidents. By correlating near-miss incidents with actual collision probabilities, the study offers insights that can improve reporting practices and proactive safety measures among vessel operators, ultimately contributing to enhanced maritime safety in South Korea.