This study analyzed the trends and characteristics of nutrient balance in South Korea by reflecting on recent trends and performed a sensitivity analysis to analyze the relative importance of various factors influencing nutrient balance. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was the factor that had the greatest influence on nitrogen nutrient balance, followed by changes in rice cultivation area, resource conversion rate, and purification rate. The sensitivity analysis of phosphoric acid nutrient balance revealed that the resource conversion rate and purification rate had the greatest influence, followed by rice paddy cultivation area and a reduction in phosphoric acid chemical fertilizer.