Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of individual, social, and migration-related factors on self-rated health among Korean-Chinese and Vietnamese naturalized citizens, and to compare the predictors of self-rated health across ethnic and gender groups. Methods: A logistic regression analysis was conducted on 2,737 adult naturalized citi- zens using data from the 2022 Survey on Immigrants’ Living Condition and Labour Force. Results: A Korean-Chinese ethnicity and the female gender predicted poor self-rated health, along with older age, lower education, single status, lower income, employment status, lower life satisfaction, poor Korean language proficiency, and perceived discrimination. Life satisfaction and Korean proficiency were predictors of self-rated health among Vietnamese naturalized citizens, whereas various individual, social, and migration-related factors predicted self-rated health among the Korean-Chinese. Ethnicity, marital status, and Korean language proficiency were significant predictors of self-rated health exclusively among women. Conclusion: Ethnicity and gender significantly influenced self-rated health, with predictors varying across subgroups. This study emphasizes the need for ethnicity- and gender-sensitive health policies for naturalized ci...