The causes of osteolytic lesions found in radiological examinations are not quite certain. Therefore, to determine the appropriate treatment method, various approaches and analyzes are required to find the real cause. Hyperparathyroidism is one of the diseases which forms osteolytic bone lesions so-called brown tumor. A 55-year-old woman who had painful osteolytic bone lesions in both hip joint areas was diagnosed as parathyroid carcinoma after serial work-up. She underwent parathyroidectomy and follow-up imaging showed a decrease in brown tumor size and bone consolidation in the subchondral bone destruction area. Proper evaluation of osteolytic bone lesions helps to avoid unnecessary operative treatments and the first choice for the treatment of osteolytic bone lesions caused by parathyroid carcinoma is parathyroidectomy.