Excessive spine operations is an economic and social problem today in Korea. Proper conservative treatment canreduce the need for surgical treatment by relieving the pain during the acute phase of spinal disease. Epidural steroidinjection and a selective nerve root block are relatively safer and easier than other treatments. They may have manyadvantages such as relief of neck and back pain and of radicular pain, and reducing the gastrointestinal adverseeffects caused by long-term NSAID medication or injection. Furthermore, patients in an inoperable state due to oldage or other comorbidities and outpatients who want conservative treatment may benefit from epidural steroidinjection and a nerve root block. The treatment outcomes differ among reports. The efficacy of temporary pain reliefhas been described to be excellent, but it gradually decreases as time passes. Recently, transforaminal epidural steroidinjection has been widely performed. Epidural steroid injection should be performed for temporary pain relief due toits limited efficacy. In addition, an overuse of epidural and selective nerve root steroid injection can cause serious sideeffects. Therefore, this procedure should be done with caution, taking into account the technical risks and side effects.