A Fe3O4-graphite nanofiber composite for use as an anode material was successfully synthesized by calcining Fe2O3and graphite nanofiber (GNF) together in a N2 atmosphere. Using this Fe3O4-GNF composite in a lithium ion batteryresulted in a higher lithium storage capacity than that obtained using Fe3O4-graphite (Fe3O4-G). The Fe3O4-GNF (10wt%) electrode exhibited a higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2.29×10-9 cm2 s-1) than did the Fe3O4-G (10%)(3.17×10-10 cm2 s-1). At a current density of 100 mA g-1, the Fe3O4-GNF (10 wt%) anode showed a higher reversiblecapacity (1,031 mAh g-1) than did the Fe3O4-G (10%) anode (799 mAh g-1). Moreover, the Fe3O4GNF electrodes showedgood cycling performance without the addition of a conductive material.