The results were summarized as follows. First, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance were divided into four factors: general internalization, media pressure, media information, and internalization athlete. Overall sociocultural attitudes toward appearance had positive effects on cosmetic surgeries (rhinoplasty, breast augmentation surgery, face peeling surgery, facial contouring surgery, and teeth whitening). Second, the overall effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on body esteem did not appear to be statistically significant. When the effects were examined, however, general internalization and media information turned out to have significant positive effects on body esteem, whereas media pressure had negative effects on body esteem. Third, body esteem appeared to have significant positive effects on all cosmetic surgeries (wrinkle removal surgery, breast augmentation surgery, facial contouring surgery, orthodontic treatment, and lasik or lasek surgery).