The present study examined the effect of economic hardship on married women' marital satisfaction, and the mediation effect of the spouse's household labor and shared couple activities between household economic hardship and marital satisfaction. In addition, it was interested in investigating whether the effect was different between married women who were working and those who were not. The participants were 2,466 employed and 3,477 unemployed married women from the panel data of the 2008 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the economic hardship of both groups had a negative effect on their marital satisfaction. Second, it was found that the mediation effect of the spouse's household labor was found only for employed married women. Third, it was found that shared couple activities mediated between economic hardship and marital satisfaction for both married women who were working and those who were not. Finally, further suggestions and implications were discussed.