This study aims to analyze the problems of the in-flight security officer system and to propose legislative improvements and measures to enhance professionalism in order to strengthen in-flight safety. In-flight security officers are responsible for preventing unlawful acts on aircraft and are operated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. However, the current operation reveals several issues, such as the lack of proficiency among new security officers, insufficient education and training, limited duties and authority as judicial police officers, lack of legal effectiveness of administrative rules, high turnover rates, and staff shortages, all of which contribute to vulnerabilities in aviation security. Therefore, this study analyzes the problems of the in-flight security officer system and seeks to present various improvement measures, such as clearly defining the authority and responsibilities of security officers through amendments to the Aviation Security Act and strengthening penalty provisions. If these measures are implemented, in-flight safety can be greatly enhanced. In particular, clarifying legal authority and strengthening education and training will play a crucial role in improving the professionalism of security officers and ensuring in-flight safety. Furthermore, providing guidance and preventive activities for passengers can help suppress unlawful acts on board and create a safe air travel environment.