Aviation security screening officers play an essential role in ensuring the safety of aircraft and airports. With the recent increase in air passenger traffic and the diversification of security threats, the importance of aviation security screening officers has become even more pronounced. Nevertheless, structural challenges, such as substandard working conditions, inadequate compensation, insufficient professionalism, and persistently high turnover rates, remain prevalent within the field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the system and operational status of domestic aviation security screening officers and, through comparison with cases from advanced countries, to propose reasonable improvement measures. The study primarily reviews domestic and international aviation security-related laws, policy documents, international standards (such as ICAO), advanced country operational systems, and previous research through literature analysis. The main subjects of analysis include the legal status, job system, education and operational status, institutional problems, and improvement measures for aviation security screening officers both domestically and internationally. Based on these findings, this study proposes a range of improvement measures, including enhancing wages and working conditions, stabilizing employment, strengthening authority, reforming the education and training system, unifying legal status and supervisory structures, improving human rights protections and job satisfaction, and encouraging active policy support from the government and airport operating agencies. Such institutional and policy innovations will enhance the professionalism and morale of aviation security screening officers, contribute to increasing public trust and the effectiveness of the aviation security system, and help establish a safer and more reliable aviation security framework.