The demand for rapid-prototyping technologies has increased with the advancements in intelligent manufacturing systems. Fused deposition modeling is an innovative technology that allows for the production of prototype products without material waste. However, products fabricated using this method typically require post-processing owing to their low output quality and dimensional accuracy. In this study, tensile specimens are fabricated by processing polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene materials, which are initially produced via fused deposition modeling in conjunction with femtosecond laser and water-jet techniques. Based on this process, the effect of each machining method on the materials is assessed, and the applicability of femtosecond laser and water-jet processing to polymer materials is confirmed. Future studies shall focus on the post-processing of polymer composite materials.